Lab 6.2.3 Exploring FTP

Objective

* Demonstrate how to use FTP from the command prompt and GUI.

Background / Preparation

File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is part of the TCP/IP suite. FTP is used to transfer files from one network device to another network device. Windows includes an FTP application that you can execute from the command prompt. There are also many free GUI versions of FTP that you can download. The GUI versions are easier to use than typing from a command prompt.

When using FTP, one computer is normally the server and the other computer is the client. When accessing the server from the client, you need to provide a username and password. Some FTP servers have a userID named anonymous. You can access these types of sites by simply typing “anonymous” for the userID, without a password. Usually, the site administrator has files that can be copied but does not allow files to be posted with the anonymous userID.

If your class does not have an FTP server available, you can download and install a freeware version, such as Home FTP Server or Cerberus FTP server. The FTP Server on a computer running the CCNA Discovery Live CD may also be used. Another computer will act as the FTP client by using FTP from the command line, a web browser, or download a freeware version of an FTP client, such as SmartFTP Client or Core FTP LE client. Work in teams of two to complete this lab.

The following resources are required:

* Windows-based computer with an FTP client
* FTP server (Existing FTP server, downloaded freeware, or use Live CD)

Step 1: Examine FTP from the command prompt

1. Click the Start button, select Run, type cmd on the command line, and then click OK.
2. At the prompt, type ftp to start the FTP application. The prompt changes.
3. From the ftp prompt, type ? to see a list of the commands that can be used in this mode.
4. List three FTP commands.
5. At the prompt, type help put to see a short description of the put command.
6. What is the purpose of the put command? Jawaban untuk membantu user jika ada kesalahan yang terjadi
7. Use the help command again to get the purpose of the get, send, and recv commands. get, send, recv . NOTE: The original FTP commands were PUT to send a file to an FTP server and GET to download a file from the FTP server. You also had to select ASCII or binary file mode. If you download a binary file in ASCII mode it could end up being corrupted. Some of the newer graphical programs now use send and receive in their place.
8. Partner with another student. Using procedures demonstrated in previous labs, write down the names and IP addresses of each partner computer. It is very important to get these names correct. Some FTP applications allow you to use either the IP address or the computer name. Computer 1: Computer 2:

Step 2: Use a GUI FTP client or web browser

1. If you are using a web browser as the FTP client, open the web browser and type ftp://ip_address_of_FTP_server. If the FTP server is configured to use an anonymous userID, connect directly to the FTP server. Using the FTP client, download an available file from the server.
2. If you are using a GUI FTP client, open the application. For most FTP clients, you must configure a new connection by giving it a name, the IP address of the FTP server, and a username and password. You may have to type anonymous if the FTP server allows this type of connection. Some applications have a checkbox that allows an anonymous login. When you have configured the connection, connect to the FTP server and download a file.
3. What is the name of the file you downloaded from the FTP server? jawaban: bluetooth.doc
4. List one example of when FTP might be beneficial to a computer technician. Jawaban: The Transfer Protocol (FTP) provides an easy method to transfer files from one computer to another. A host running FTP client software can access an FTP server to perform various file management functions including file uploads and downloads. The FTP server enables a client to exchange files between devices. It also enables clients to manage files remotely by sending file management commands such as delete or rename. To accomplish this, the FTP service uses two different ports to communicate between client and server.

Step 3: (Optional) Use both an FTP server and client

1. If you control both the FTP server and client, practice sending files to and getting files from the client and the server.
2. Show your transferred files to another group of students
3. Close the FTP server and client applications.

Lab 6.2.1 Observing DNS Name Resolution

Objectives

* Observe the conversion of a URL to an IP address.
* Observe DNS lookup using the nslookup command.

Background / Preparation

Domain Name System (DNS) is invoked when you type a Uniform Resource Locator (URL), such as http://www.cisco.com, into a web browser. The first part of the URL describes which protocol is being used. Common ones are HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol), HTTPS (Hypertext Transfer Protocol over Secure Socket Layer), and FTP (File Transfer Protocol). DNS uses the second part of the URL, which in this example is www.cisco.com. DNS translates the domain name (like www.cisco.com) to an IP address in order to allow the source host to reach the destination host. Work in pairs to complete this lab. The following resources are required:

* Windows-based computer with Internet connectivity
* Access to the Run command

Step 1: Observe DNS conversion

1. Click the Start button, select Run, type cmd, and then click OK. The command prompt window appears.
2. At the command prompt, type ping www.cisco.com. The computer needs to translate www.cisco.com into an IP address so it knows where to send the Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) packets. Ping is a type of ICMP packet.
3. The first line of the output shows www.cisco.com converted to an IP address by DNS. You should be able to see the effect of DNS even if your school has a firewall that prevents pinging, or if Cisco has prevented people from pinging their web server.
4. Which IP address is shown on the screen? Jawaban: 60.254.176.170
5. Is it the same as the one shown in the figure? Why do you think this occurred? Jawaban: ya. www.cisco.com adalah domain name systemnya sedangkan 60.254.176.170 adalah alamat fisiknya.
6. Work together with another student and discuss one or two other instances (besides the ping command) in which the computer would use DNS.

Step 2: Verify DNS operation using the nslookup command

1. At the command prompt, type the nslookup command.
2. What is the default DNS server being used? Jawaban: ChaceDNS-JKT2.telkom.net.id
3. Notice how the command prompt changed. This is the NSLOOKUP prompt. From this prompt, you can enter commands related to DNS.
4. At the prompt, type ? to see a list of all the available commands that you can use in NSLOOKUP mode. Address: 203.130.196.5
5. Write three commands that you can use with NSLOOKUP
6. At the NSLOOKUP prompt, type www.cisco.com.
7. What is the translated IP address? Jawaban: 60.254.176.170
8. Is it the same as the IP address shown with the ping command? Jawaban: tidak
9. At the prompt, type the IP address of the Cisco web server that you just found. You can use NSLOOKUP to get the domain name of an IP address if you do not know the URL. Using the previous procedures, find an IP address associated with www.google.com. Jawaban :64.233.181.106, 64.233.181.147, 64.233.181.99, 64.233.181.103, 64.233.181.104, 64.233.181.105

Step 3: Identify mail servers using the nslookup command

1. At the prompt, type set type=mx to have NSLOOKUP identify mail servers.
2. At the prompt, type www.cisco.com.
3. What is the primary name server, the responsible mail address, and the default Time to Live (TTL)? Jawaban: e144.cd.akamaiedgenet (lihat gambar berikut)
4. At the prompt, type exit to return to the regular command prompt.
5. At the prompt, type ipconfig /all.
6. Write the IP addresses of all the DNS servers that your school uses. Jawaban: IP address: 1.1.18.33 dan DNS server: 203.130.196.5 dan 203.130.206.250
7. Type exit to close the command prompt window.

Step 4: Reflection

1. If your school did not have a DNS server, what effect would this have on your use of the Internet? Jawaban request time out.
2. Some companies do not dedicate a single server for DNS. Instead, the DNS server provides other functions as well. Which functions do you think might be included on a DNS server? Use the ipconfig /all command to help you with this.

Latihan CCNA Modul 1.6

1. CCNA Discovery 1 Module 6 Exam Answers Version 4.0
A user types www.cisco.com into a web browser address textbox. What does www.cisco.com represent?
• the IP address of a web server (X)
• a physical network address
• the closest router interface to the source
• the source IP address in the data transmission

2. What type of server would use IMAP?
• DNS
• DHCP
• e-mail (x)
• FTP
• Telnet
• web

3. Which type of server would most likely be used first by a network client in a corporate environment?
• DNS (x)
• DHCP
• e-mail
• FTP
• Telnet
• web

4. Which protocol is used by FTP to transfer files over the Internet?
• TCP (x)
• SMTP
• UDP
• SNMP

5. Which protocols are TCP/IP application layer protocols? (Choose two.)
• UDP
• FTP (x)
• IP
• SMTP (x)
• TCP

6. Which of the following are layers of the TCP/IP model? (Choose three.)
• Application (x)
• Physical
• Internet (x)
• Network Access (x)
• Presentation

7. You are creating a network-based video game. What influences your decision about which transport protocol to use for the application?
• UDP will not disrupt the game to retransmit dropped packets.
• TCP provides extra acknowledgements that will ensure smooth video delivery.
• Both TCP and UDP can be used simultaneously to ensure speed and guaranteed delivery. (x)
• Both TCP and UDP may slow transmission and disrupt game operation, so no transport protocol should be used.

8. Whenever e-mail clients send letters, what device is used to translate the domain names into their associated IP addresses?
• Uniform Resource Locator
• Network redirector server
• SNMP server
• DNS server (x)

9. Which application is most likely used to translate www.cisco.com to 198.133.219.25?
• DHCP (x)
• DNS
• FTP
• HTTP
• POP
• SMTP

10. Refer to the graphic. Which protocol is used to access this website?
• IM
• FTP
• HTTP
• SNMP (x)
• VoIP

11. Which port number is used by SMTP?
• 20
• 21
• 25
• 26
• 110 (x)

12. Which protocol is used by e-mail servers to communicate with each other?
• FTP
• HTTP
• TFTP
• SMTP (x)
• POP
• SNMP

13. What client software enables logged in users to communicate with other logged in users in real time?
• blog
• e-mail
• web mail
• instant messaging (x)

14. An Internet server is running both FTP and HTTP services. How does the server know which of these applications should handle an incoming segment?
• The packet header identifies it as an HTTP or FTP packet
• The data in the segment is specially formatted for either HTTP or FTP.
• The segment destination port number identifies the application that should handle it. (x)
• The source port number is associated with one of these well known server applications.

15. What term is used to describe how TCP/IP protocols are layered and interact to format, address, and transmit information across a network?
• protocol hierarchy
• protocol modeling
• protocol stack (x)
• protocol layering

16. What three items are contained in an Ethernet frame? (Choose three.)
• source IP address
• source MAC address (x)
• destination IP address
• destination MAC address (x)
• error-checking information (x)

17. What information is contained in an IP header?
• source and destination IP addresses (x)
• source and destination MAC addresses
• only destination IP and MAC addresses
• both source and destination IP and MAC addresses

18. Cabling issues are associated with which OSI layer?
• 4 (x)
• 2
• 1
• 3

19. A device receives an Ethernet frame and recognizes the MAC address as its own. What does the device do to the message to get to the encapsulated data?
• removes the IP header
• removes the TCP header
• passes data to the application layer
• removes the Ethernet header and trailer (x)

20. A client has decoded a frame and started the de-encapsulation process. In which order does the de-encapsulation process occur?
• 1) remove IP header
2) remove Ethernet header and trailer
3) remove TCP header
4) pass data to the application
• 1) add TCP header to data
2) add an IP header
3) add frame header and trailer
4) encode the frame into bits
• 1) remove Ethernet header and trailer (x)
2) remove IP header
3) remove TCP header
4) pass data to the application
• 1) add TCP header to data
2) add Ethernet header and trailer
3) add an IP header
4) encode the frame into bits

21. What is an advantage of the use of layers in the OSI reference model?
• It breaks network communications into larger parts.
• It increases complexity.
• It prevents changes in one layer from affecting other layers. (x)
• It requires the use of single-vendor equipment for hardware and software communications.

22. What is the correct order of the layers of the OSI reference model, starting at the lowest layer and working up the model?
• data link, physical, transport, network, presentation, session, application
• physical, data link, network, session, transport, presentation, application (x)
• physical, data link, network, transport, presentation, session, application
• physical, data link, network, transport, session, presentation, application
• application, session, presentation, transport, data link, network, physical